The department's researchers participate in acquiring museum collections, studying, exhibiting, and popularising materials that reveal various aspects of the historical, political, economic, spiritual, and cultural life of Bukovyna and its population from the early 20th century to the present day. The results of this work include new exhibitions and displays, scientific publications, general and themed excursions, lectures, and various public events dedicated to important events and personalities in the life of the region and the country.

The department's exhibition, created based on a thematic-chronological principle between 2013 and 2021, is located in 16 halls on the second floor of the museum. Here, original exhibits from the corresponding period are displayed in showcases and on stands, including weapons, awards, postcards, photographs, documents, household items, clothing and jewellery, pysanky (decorated Easter eggs), religious objects, books, and more. Separate corners of urban and rural dwellings have also been recreated. Currently, the following permanent sections of the exhibition are active: "Our Region during the First World War", "Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn Region as part of the Kingdom of Romania", "Chernivtsi Oblast during the Second World War", "Chernivtsi Oblast in 1944–1991: Events, Facts, Names", "All Mine, All Called Ukraine", "Defending Freedom", "Folk Clothing and Traditional Crafts of Bukovyna", "Calendar Holidays and Rituals in Bukovyna", "Culture of Chernivtsi Oblast (second half of the 20th – early 21st century)". There are several interesting photo zones in the exhibition halls.

An important area of the department's work is scientific research into "white spots" and little-studied pages of the history of Bukovyna and Ukraine, the results of which are regularly published in the museum's annual report and other scientific publications. The department's staff have dozens of articles, reports, interviews on television and radio, and publications in scientific collections and the press to their credit. Active research has led to the museum's collections being supplemented with thousands of exhibits. The department's researchers actively participate in scientific meetings, seminars, symposiums, projects, and conferences, write and conduct general and themed excursions, give lectures on various topics, and more.

Currently, the department operates with the following staff:

TANASHCHYK Viktoriia Ivanivna  – Head of Department;

Piddubnyi Ihor Andriiovych – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Leading Research Fellow;

Hlibishchuk Mykola Vasyliovych – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Leading Research Fellow;

Unhurian Mariia Kasiianivna – Senior Research Fellow;

Kryvetska Karina Ivanivna – Senior Research Fellow;

Andriushchenko Tetiana Hryhorivna – Custodian;

Verenka Olena Illivna – Custodian;

Meskliuk Odarka Kostiantynivna – Custodian;

Yakovlieva Maryna Vitaliivna – Custodian.