In the history of our region, the Moldavian period is the longest, spanning over 400 years.

At the time of its entry into the Principality of Moldavia, the territory between the Middle Dniester and the Upper Siret was called "Shypynska Zemlya", and from the second half of the XV century, the ethnonym "Bukovyna" began to be widely used for it. Since the period of the second half of the XIV – XV centuries was a time interval filled with numerous wars both for the Moldavian throne and against invasions by external enemies (among the latter, the Battle of Cozmin Forest in 1497 can be mentioned), medieval weaponry and military equipment are displayed in separate showcases.

In 1538, the Principality of Moldavia fell into vassalage to the Ottoman Empire, as a result of which the territory of our region repeatedly became the theater of large-scale military conflicts between European states and the Turks in the XVI – XVII centuries. Among them, the Khotyn War (1621) and the Battle of Khotyn (1673) should be mentioned. The events of the National Liberation War of 1648 – 1658 in Ukraine also had a significant impact on Bukovyna. All of this is also reflected in relevant items and artifacts presented in the museum exposition.

Original exhibits in the form of weaponry, military equipment, and commemorative medals of the XVIII century tell about important events of the Russian-Turkish and Austrian-Turkish wars of this period, which took place on the territory of the northern volosts of the Principality of Moldavia, and which had global political and socio-economic consequences for our region. In 1774, Bukovyna was occupied by Austrian troops.

Thus, the territory of our region came under the rule of different states, which significantly influenced its further historical development.