The exhibition, based on documentary and material evidence, illustrates the socio-political processes in the region and the changes in the lives of Bukovinians during the period when Chernivtsi Oblast became part of the Ukrainian SSR.

Chernivtsi Oblast was formed on 7 August 1940 in accordance with the Law adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and was included in the Ukrainian SSR.

The exhibition showcases:

- the post-war reconstruction of the destroyed economy and national economy;

- the further development of both traditional and new industries for the region (in the early 1980s, 150 industrial facilities operated in Chernivtsi Oblast; the exhibition features photographs of various enterprises in the region, the construction of the Novodnistrovsk PSPP, samples of equipment and products from individual enterprises);

- the collectivisation of agriculture and its consequences (the 1946–1947 famine, the active offensive against the 'kulaks', mass repressions, the deportation of the local population to Siberia and Kazakhstan; the exhibition presents materials on the course of collectivisation in the region, agricultural production, and examples of individual technical devices widely used by peasants in the mid-20th century);

- Russification and ideologisation of the educational sphere;

- problems of daily life and social existence for Bukovinians under a command-and-control economy (featuring a fragment of a 1960s city apartment interior and an example of Soviet leisure – amateur photography).

- the 1980 Olympic Games in the lives of local residents (on display are a torch bowl, a torch, photographs, and a painting by O. Kucherenko);

- echoes of the Afghan War of 1979–1989 and the Chornobyl catastrophe of 1986 in the lives of Bukovinians (exhibiting photographs, personal belongings and awards of fallen 'Afghans', a protective suit and photographs of Chornobyl liquidators.